22213 bce2 Chronology 600bce-1bce Last revision: 12Mar94 Paul Harvey --------------------------------------------------------------------------- [600-1bce (before conversion era): last revision: 12Mar94] 6th: Axis Era (Confucius, Lao Tzu, Buddha, Pythagoras, Deutero-Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Zarathushtra (Zoroaster) ...) called the zenith of human wisdom and achievement, Mayan civilization in Mexico, Rome declares republic, oldest extant Latin, Fables of Aesop, theater arts begin in Delphi, Age of Seven Wise Men of Greece: Thales, Pittacus, Bias, Solon, Cleobulus, Periander, Chilo; height of oracle at Delphi and its priestess, Mahavira Jina (Vardhamana) founds Jainism, Athens builds public libraries, Shwe Dagon Pagoda of Burma, Hecatompedon in Athens, Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, European La Tene culture, Temple of Apollo at Corinth, Temple of Olympian Zeus at Athens, Temple of Ceres at Paestum, Romans begin building with arched (semicircle) ceilings adopted from Etruscans, T. Priscus builds first Roman stone bridge, first record of circumnavigation of Africa, by Phoenicians for Pharaoh Necho, took three years; Cyrus of Persia establishes a pony express courier service, Persians adopt tight fitting leather clothes, Darius of Persia explores Indian coast ... 598: Nebuchadnezzar II dethrones Jehoiachin of Judah installs Zedekiah as king 594: Pharaoh Necho dies, new Pharaoh Psammetichus II (594-589) 590: Zedekiah of Judah revolts against Babylonia with Egyptian assistance 587: Lachish Letters, ostraca, 1935/38, classical Hebrew on 21 potsherds 586: Judah, Jerusalem, Temple fall to Babylonia. Jews and their scrolls and other Temple artifacts are exiled to Babylon, Temple destroyed [2K25] 585: Jeremiah, who fled to Egypt, dies there 580: Heraion, Greek temple of Hera the Queen of Heaven, on island of Samos 575?: Priestly (P) source of Gn/Ex/Lv/Nm (Mosaic Law) wr: Babylon; Gn1-2:4 ... 561: Solon, b.640, Athenian statesman, "Laws of Solon", repealed Draconian Law except for homicide; Loeb: "Parallel Lives, v1, Solon" by Plutarch (120ce) 560?: Deuteronomist (D) source of Joshua to Kings written in Babylon 556-552: Nabonidus king of Babylonia: literate, promoted Sin the moon-god 553?: Zarathushtra, b.630?, Persian Dualism (Good/Evil ...), Zoroastrianism 564: Anaximander of Miletus, b.611, Greek philosopher 552-543: Bel-shar-usur (Belshazzar of Daniel) acting regent of Babylonia 550-530: Cyrus the Great of Persia: restores various native religions ... 545: Thales of Miletus, b.624, Greek philosopher and mathematician, first known accurate prediction of solar eclipse in Europe; (Loeb Classics) 543-539: Nabonidus returns from Teima Arabia as king of Babylonia 539: Babylon falls to Persia, Cyrus named "King of Babylon, King of the Lands" 538-530: Cyrus grants Temple rebuilding to Sheshbazzar & Zerubbabel, Ez1:1f in Hebrew, Ez6:3f in Babylonian Aramaic, work halted during Cambyses II reign 538-167: 2nd period of Hebrew literature: Aramaisms, square script adopted 536: Milo of Crotona takes six crowns in Olympic Games 531?: Lao-tzu,b.604?,571?,pseudonym?,Li Er?,Chinese philosopher:"Tao Te Ching" 530: 2nd Isaiah (40-55) written in Babylon by Deutero-Isaiah, proclaims Cyrus as Jewish Messiah because of his decree to rebuild Temple, [I44:25-45:4] 530-522: Cambyses II king of Persian empire: defeats and becomes King of Egypt 526: Anaximenes of Miletus, b.586, Greek philosopher 522-483: Darius I king of Persian empire: creates 20 provinces (satrapies) 521: Buddha goes to the holy city Benares, India, first sermon in deer park 515: Second Jerusalem Temple construction completed during Darius I reign 509: Romans complete Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus 507: Cleisthenes introduces sweeping democratic reforms in Athens 500-300: Classical Greek: Attic Greek of Athens becomes standard Greek 500-200: Classical period of Chinese Philosophy 500-200: Dharmasastra (or smrti) period of Indian Sanskrit literature 500: Indian surgeon Susrata performs cataract operations 498: Temple of Saturn in Rome 497: Pythagoras, b.570, inventor of Greek mathematics, musical octave 483-465: Xerses I king of Persian empire: b.519, decline of empire begins 483: Heracleitus, b.544, Greek philosopher, coined "Logos" (word) as 3-fold: order creator; order sustainer; rationality expressed as written language 483?: Gautama Buddha, Siddhartha, b.563?, Indian philosopher, Buddhism 482: Babylon revolts against Xerses I who in return melts golden Marduk statue 479: K'ung Fu-tzu, Kung Ch'iu, Confucius, b.551, Chinese philosopher, founder of Confucianism, wrote: "Lun-yu" (Analects), coined "Tao" (Way) 468?: Aristides the Just, b.530?, Athenian statesman and general, wrote: "Panathenaic Oration", "In Defense of Oratory"; (Loeb Classics) 465: democracy in Syracuse, Sparta damaged by earthquakes 464-424: Artaxerxes I king of Persian empire: Greeks aid Egyptians in revolt 456: Aeschylus, b.525, Greek dramatist, wrote: Suppliant Maidens; Persians; Prometheus; 7 Against Thebes; Agamemnon; Libation Bearers; Eumenides; 2 Loeb 451: 3 Roman senators sent to Athens to study "Laws of Solon" (see 560) 450: Decemvirs codify Roman Law: "XII Tables"; Loeb: "Remains of Old Latin" v3 450?: Torah (Mosaic Law) compiled from E/J/P/D sources in Babylon 450?: Papyrus Elephantine, 1907/8, in Aramaic, Jewish military colony in Egypt built temple for gods Yahu and 'Smbyt'l and goddess Anathbethel 450?: Diagoras of Melos, first Greek Atheist?, "Ho Atheos" (The Atheist) 445: Nehemiah comes from Babylon to aid in Temple rebuilding at Jerusalem 445-415: "30-year truce" between Athens and Sparta 443: Pindar, b.522?, Greek poet, (Loeb Classics) 431-404: Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta 431: Temple of Apollo in Rome 430: Ruth written 424-405: Darius II king of Persian empire 424: Herodotus, b.485, Greek "Father of History", Loeb Classics has 4 volumes 420: Protagoras, b.485, Greek philosopher, Sophist Agnostic banned from Athens 415: "real" war begins between Athens and Sparta 407: Rhodes built by Hippodamus of Miletus 406: Sophocles, b.496?, Greek dramatist, wrote: Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone, Ajax, Electra, Trachiniae, Philoctetes; Loeb Classics 2v. 406: Euripides, b.480?, Greek dramatist, Loeb Classics has 4 volumes 405-359: Artaxerxes II king of Persian empire 403: Tzu-ssu, b.482, Chinese philosopher, wrote: "The Central Harmony" 400: Thucydides, b.471, Greek historian: "History Peloponnesian War"; Loeb: 4v 400: Tsou Yen, Chinese philosopher, founder of Naturalists 400?: 1st 7 chapters of "Chuang-tzu" written by Chuang Chou; Chinese Philos. 400?: Ch'un-ch'iu writes "Spring & Autumn Annals" of 12 rulers from 722-481 400?: Li chi writes "Book of Rites"; Yueh ching writes lost "Book of Music" 399: Socrates, b.470?, Greek philosopher 398?: (458?) Ezra brings Torah (Mosaic Law) to Jerusalem from Babylon [Neh8] 395: Mo-tzu, Mo Ti, b.475, Chinese philosopher, founded Moism 390: Gauls from northern Italy under Brennus sack Rome, "Vae victis" 380-343: 30th and last native dynasty in Egypt 380?: Aristophanes, Athenian dramatist: "Archarnians; Knights; Clouds; Wasps; Peace;Birds;Frogs;Lysistrata;Thesmophoriazusae;Ecclesiazusae;Plutus" Loeb 3v 377: city walls of Rome built 377?: Hippocrates, b.460?, Greek "Father of Medicine"; Loeb Classics has 6 vls 375-335: Papyrus Samarian, in Aramaic, fragments of legal documents 366: Temple of Concordia in Rome 356: China begins building Great Wall against Huns 355?: Xenophon, b.430?, Greek soldier and historian; Loeb Classics has 7 vols. 350: Chronicles, Ezra & Nehemiah (LXX: Esdras B), Jonah, Job; Jerusalem 350: Revolt of the Jews against Artaxerxes III 350: Indian epic Mahabharata (inc. Bhagavad Gita), recounts events 1400-800bce 350: Heraclides, disciple of Plato, teaches heliocentric system 350: Chuang-tzu, (tzu means Master), Chinese philosopher 350: Menander, Greek dramatist, wrote "Sententiae"; Loeb Classics has 3 vols. 350: Yang Chu, b.400, Chinese philosopher 347: Plato, b.427?, Greek philosopher; Loeb Classics has 12 volumes 343: Persians reconquer Egypt 343: Aristotle begins teaching Alexander the Great: son of Zeus and a virgin 340: Praxagoras of Cos discovers difference between arteries and veins 338: Artaxerses III of Persia assassinated, Arses reigns 338: Isocrates, b.436, Athenian orator; Loeb Classics has 3 volumes of writing 338: first Roman coins 336: Philip of Macedon assassinated at Aegae, Alexander reigns 336: Arses of Persia assassinated, Darius III Codomannus reigns 335: Aristotle returns to Athens and founds Peripatetic philosophy school 334-333: Alexander the Great of Macedon defeats Darius III at Granicus, Issus 332: Alexander the Great of Macedon (356-323) establishes Greek Empire 331: Babylon falls to Alexander the Great 331: Alexander declared son of God at oracle of Amun in Siwa, Egypt 330: Darius III of Persia murdered 330: Greek explorer Pytheas of Massilia (Marseilles) reaches Britain 327: Alexander invades India to the Indus river but generals turn back 325: earliest extant Greek papyrus, "Persae of Timotheus of Miletus"; Loeb: 3v 323: Alexander dies, diadoch (successor) wars over inheritance begin 323: remaining Jews in Judea sent to Alexandria, Egypt by Ptolemy Soter 323: Diogenes the Cynic (kuon:dog), b.412?, lived in a barrel in Athens ... 322: Aristotle, b.384, Greek philosopher ... ; Loeb Classics has 24 volumes 322: Demosthenes, b.385?, Greek orator; Loeb Classics has 7 volumes 320: Ptolemy Soter of Egypt (Ptolemaic Empire) invades Syria 319: Chandragupta Maurya of India expells Macedonians, founds Mauryan dynasty 314: Seleucid King Antigonus I (Syria-Mesopotamia) rules Galilee/Samaria/Judea 307: Museum and Library of Alexandria begun under Ptolemy Soter 301: Antigonus I killed at Ipsus Battle of Kings, Judea under Ptolemaic rule 300: Atetello at Teotihuacan, Mexican sun temple 300-550ce: Koine (Common) Greek from Alexandria becomes standard Greek 300?: Euclid, Greek mathematician and physicist; (Loeb Classics with Thales) 300?: "Book of Filial Piety" by Hsiao ching, Chinese Confucian philosophy 289: Meng-tzu, Mencius, b.371, Chinese Confucian philosopher 287: Theophrastus, b.371, Greek philosopher; Loeb Classics has 5 volumes 285-246: Ptolemy II Philadelphos rules Egypt: including Judea/Samaria/Galilee, Torah (Mosaic Law) Greek translation: Septuagint/LXX/70 in Alexandria, lost 275: end of history of city of Babylon the Great 275: Manetho, Egyptian high priest, writes "History of Egypt" in Greek; (Loeb) 275: Colossus of Rhodes, destroyed by earthquake in 224 275?: Appius Claudius Caecus, b.355?, Roman Censor, Appian Aqueduct, Via Appia 270: Epicurus, b.341, Greek philosopher, wrote "Kuriai Doxai" (Prin. Doctrine) 268: first appearance of Roman silver coin, the Denarius 264: Roman public gladiator combats begin 264-241: First Punic War (Rome v. Carthage) 263: Zeno of Citium, b.335, founder of Greek Stoic philosophy 250: Ecclesiastes, written in Hebrew 250: Synagogues, places to study Torah (Mosaic Law), appear 250: Arcesilaus founds Second Academy of Athens 250: Asoka the Great, d.232, buddhist king of Magadha (273-232), united India in "Unity of Diversity," erected columns 40ft high inscribed with "Laws of Right Conduct & Nonviolence" picked up later by Gandhi & Martin Luther King 250?: Epistle of Jeremiah, Greek fragments found at Qumran Cave 7 (Septuagint) 247-224ce: Parthian (neo-Persian) Empire: centered in modern NE Iran 246-222: Ptolemy III Euergetes king of Egypt: includes Judea/Samaria/Galilee 239: Egyptians add leap year to their calendar 233: Sun-tzu, (tzu means Master), Chinese philosopher, wrote: "The Art of War" 233: Han Fei-tzu, Chinese philosopher, founder of Legalists, cf. Machiavelli 225: Quintus Fabius Pictor, first Roman historian 223-187: Antiochus III: Seleucid king, ruled Judea/Samaria/Galilee until 217 222-204: Ptolemy IV Philopator: Ptolemaic king of Egypt 221-207: Ch'in dynasty of China: standardization; 213: "burning of the books" 219-201: Second Punic War (Rome v. Carthage) 217: Ptolemy IV defeats Antiochus III at Raphia, rules Jud/Sam/Gal until 198 215: Hsun-tzu, Hsun Ch'ing, b.300?, Chinese Confucian philosopher 202-9ce: Western Han dynasty in China 200: Book of Esther, written in Hebrew in Susa, Persia 200-100: period of Early Latin literature such as Plautus (see 184) 200-0: early Torah (Law) Sages: Antigonus of Sochoh, Jose ben Johanan of Jeru- salem, Jose ben Joezer of Zereda in Samaria, Joshua ben Perahiah and Nittai of Arbel in Galilee, Simeon ben Shetah, Judah ben Tabbai, Shemiah, Abtalion 200?: 4QSam(b), Hebrew 1st Samuel fragments from Qumran Cave 4, LXX text-type 200?: 4QDt(q), Hebrew Song of Moses frags. from Qumran Cave 4, LXX text-type 200?: Targums begun, paraphrases of Torah (Mosaic Law) into W. Syrian Aramaic 200?: Tobit, 3 Aramaic & 1 Hebrew mss. frags. found Qumran Cave 4 (Septuagint) 200?: Ma-wang-tui silks, oldest and complete Tao Te Ching (Taoism), Lao-tzu 198: Antiochus III reclaims Jud/Sam/Gal, begins extreme missionary hellenism 194: Eratosthenes, b.276, accurately calculates earth's circumference 184: Plautus, b.255?, Roman playwright, "Early Latin"; Loeb Classics 5 volumes 182: Hannibal, b.246, Carthaginian general, crossed the Alps 180-145: Ptolemy VI Philometor: Ptolemaic king of Egypt 180?: Wisdom of Jesus ben Sirach (LXX: Ecclesiasticus), written in Hebrew in Jerusalem, Hebrew manuscripts found at Masada and Qumran Cave 2 (Septuagint) 180?: Aristophanes of Byzantium, Alexandrian librarian, invented vowel accents 179: Pons Aemilius, oldest extant stone bridge in Rome 175-164: Antiochus Epiphanes IV: Seleucid king of Syria, persecutes Jews 175: Jerusalem High Priest Jason builds gymnasium for Greek athletic games ... 175?: Papyrus Rylands 458: R957, Greek Deuteronomy fragments, ~20v from 23-28 171-138: Mithradates I king of Parthia: controls all of Persian Plateau 169: Ennius the Poet, b.239, "Father of Latin Literature"; Loeb Classics 4v. 168: Antiochus IV plunders and desecrates Jerusalem Temple, erects Zeus altar 167: Antiochus IV abolishes Temple worship in Dec., Jews forced to eat pork... 167-164: Hasmonean (Maccabean) Revolt: Judean response to Antiochus IV 165: Daniel written in Jerusalem, 1/2 Aramaic, some basis in past: 280-180 164: Jerusalem Temple rededicated in Dec by Judas Maccabaeus son of Mattathias 164-63: Hasmonean (Maccabean) Kingdom of Judea 160-144: Jonathan Maccabaeus: High Priest and King of Jerusalem, assassinated 159: Terence, b.185?, African brought to Rome as a slave, wrote comic dramas: Andria, Hecyra, Heauton timorumenos, Eunuchus, Phormio, Adelphi; Loeb: 2v 150?: Judith, original written in Hebrew, ironic moralist novel (Septuagint) 150?: Psalms 151-155 (Peshitta), LXX:Ps151, Hebrew:Qumran:11QPs(a):151,154,155 150?: Pausanias, Greek geographer & historian; Loeb Classics has 5 volumes 150?: Papyrus Nash, 1949, Decalogue (Ex20) and Shema (Dt5) in Hebrew 150?: Papyrus R819: Greek Deuteronomy 11:4 149-146: Third Punic War: Romans kill 450,000 at Carthage ... 149: Cato the Elder, b.234, Roman Chief Jurist, wrote: "de Agri Cultura"; Loeb 149: Hu Shin produces Chinese dictionary of 10,000 characters 147: Greece under Roman rule 144-135: Simon Maccabaeus rules Jerusalem: expels Syrians, annexed Jaffa 139: Liu An writes "Huai-nan-tzu": an encylopedia of Chinese philosophy 136: emperor Wu-ti of China establishes Confucianism as state ideology 135-104: John Hyrkanos I: Ethnarch & High Priest of Jerusalem, "Age of Expan- sion", annexes Trans-Jordan, Samaria, Galilee, Idumea. Forces Idumeans to convert to Judaism, hired non-Jewish mercenaries, etc. Pharisees (Perushim: lay group) and Sadducees (Zedukim: Priests) in Judea, "Sadducees have their support only among the rich, and the people do not follow them, while the Pharisees have the people for their ally" -[JA13.298]. Samaritans compile their own version of the Torah using Old Hebrew script. Qumran community established (Dead Sea Scrolls - 1949), Essene sect?, mostly Hebrew scrolls. 133: Asia Minor (modern Turkey) annexed by Rome 132: Ecclesiasticus (ben Sirach - see 180) translated into Greek (Septuagint) 130: 1 Maccabees, Greek translation of lost Hebrew original (Septuagint) 130: Pergamum killed in Rome for attempting a Utopian uprising (Sun-city) 128-124: Artabanus II king of Parthia (neo-Persia): adds Mesopotamia to empire 125?: 1QIsa(a), full Hebrew "Isaiah Scroll" from Qumran Cave 1, MT text-type 125?: Additions to Greek Daniel: Prayer of Azariah (after Dn3:23) (Septuagint) 125?: Polybius, b.205?, Greek historian; Loeb Classics has 6 volumes 120: 2 Maccabees, Greek based on earlier lost Greek original (Septuagint) 105: Jugurtha king of Numidia Africa defeated by Marius and Sulla of Rome 105: first College of Technology in Alexandria, founded by mathematician Heron 104: Judah Aristobulus I, High Priest and King of Jerusalem, was a brute ... 103-76: Alexander Janneus: High Priest and King of Jerusalem, was cruel ... 100: Ossuaries (stone bone boxes), with Greek inscriptions appear in Jerusalem 100: tomb of Goliath family linked to Temple Priesthood, inscriptions in Greek 100-0: period of Classical Latin literature such as Cicero (see 43) 100?: most of the Jewish Scriptures available in Greek translation(s?) 100?: Wisdom (of Solomon); 1 Esdras (LXX:Esdras A, Vg:3 Esdras); 1 Baruch; Prayer of Manasseh (cf. 1Ch33:1-19); all written in Greek (Septuagint) 100?: Additions to Greek Daniel: Bel & Dragon (13), Susanna (14) (Septuagint) 100?: Enoch, 8 Aramaic manuscripts found at Qumran Cave 4 (Ethiopic Bible) 100?: Jubilees, 10 Hebrew manuscripts at Qumran Caves 1,2,4 (Ethiopic Bible) 100?: Papyrus R801: Greek Leviticus 26:2-16 found at Qumran Cave 4 100?: Papyrus R805: Greek Exodus 28:4-7 found at Qumran Cave 7 90: Vitruvius, Roman architect & engineer, wrote: "de Architectura"; Loeb: 2v 82: Alexander Polyhistor of Miletus writes a history of the Jews in Greek 78: Book of Esther translated into Greek in Jerusalem (Septuagint) 76-67: Salome Alexandra: Queen of Jerusalem, last independent Judean ruler 75-67: Hyrcanus II: High Priest of Jerusalem, son of Salome Alexandra 75?: Papyrus Fouad 266: R847-8, Greek Dt11,17-33 frag.; square Hebrew Tetragrm 67-63: Aristobulus II: High Priest & King of Jerusalem, Hyrcanus II's brother 63: Pompey the Great (106-48) of Rome captures Jerusalem, selects Hyrcanus II 63-41: Hyrcanus II: back as High Priest in alliance with Antipater the Idumean 57-55: Gabinius: Roman proconsul of Syria, split Hasmonean Kingdom (164-63) into Galilee, Samaria, Judea with five districts of "synhedria" (G4892:sunedrion:Sanhedrin): Jerusalem/Jericho/Amathus/Sepphoris/? 55: Lucretius, b.94, Roman poet & philosopher, wrote "de Rerum Natura"; (Loeb) 54: erection of new (Julian) forum in Rome 54: Gaius Valerius Catullus, b.84?, Roman lyric poet, wrote "Carmina"; (Loeb) 50?: Psalms of Solomon, Hebrew written in Jerusalem (Septuagint) 50?: Additions to (Greek) Esther: 1&after 3:13,4:17,5:2,8:12,10:3 (Septuagint) 50?: Papyrus R802: Greek Leviticus 2-5 fragments found at Qumran Cave 4 50?: Papyrus R803: Greek Numbers 3:30-4:14 fragments found at Qumran Cave 4 48-44: Gaius Julius Caesar: b.100, "replaces" Pompey the Great, "Et tu Brute." "Veni, vidi, vici.", wrote: "Bellum civile" (The Civil War) in 47 and "Bellum Gallicum" (The Gallic War) in 51 ... , Loeb Classics has 3 volumes 47: Phasael, governor of Jerusalem, elder son of Antipater the Idumean 47: Herod, governor of Galilee, younger son of Antipater the Idumean, earns a reputation of being tough on Jews, kills Hezekiah without a trial ... 47: Library of Ptolemy I in Alexandria destroyed by fire 46: North Africa becomes Roman province 46: Julian (Roman) calendar of 365.25 days with leap year 46: Cato (Marcus Porcius) the Younger, b.95, Roman Chief Jurist 44: Caesar assassinated, civil war breaks out, Cassius claims Eastern Empire 43: Cicero, b.106, Roman lawyer, orator & politician, 'Classical Latin', wrote: "Orationes", "Rhetorica", "Philosophica", "Epistulae"; Loeb has 28 v. 42: Mark Antony takes control of Roman Empire 40: Parthia invades Syria, Herod escapes to Rome, Phasael commits suicide 40-37: Mattathias Antigonus the Hasmonean: High Priest and King of Jerusalem 40: Herod appointed king of Judea in Rome by Mark Antony and Octavian Augustus 38: Romans recapture Syria (E. Mediterranean) from Parthians (neo-Persians) 37: Herod captures Jerusalem with help of Roman legions 37-4: King Herod the Great of Judea: b.73?, "Massacrer of the Innocents", kills Antigonus and all heirs (end of Hasmonean dynasty), Augustus said: "One would rather be Herod's swine than his son", posed as a champion of hellenic culture, purely Greek inscriptions used on coins and weights, Herod's Jerusalem was thoroughly hellenic with Greek theatre and Hippodrome. 35: Sallust, b.86, Roman historian and politician; (Loeb Classics) 31: Egypt falls to Rome, becomes Roman province, Cleopatra VII commits suicide 31-14ce: Octavian Augustus: b.63, 1st Roman emperor, son of Apollo and virgin 30: Roman Pantheon begun 27: Marcus Terentius Varro, b.116, Roman scholar: "de Lingua Latina"; Loeb: 2v 25: 3 Maccabees (Ptolemaica), written in Greek in Alexandria (Septuagint) 25: Cornelius Nepos, b.100?, Roman historian; (Loeb Classics) 25?: Papyrus R942: Greek Genesis 7 and 38 fragments 19-4: Herod rebuilds a hellenized Jewish Temple, includes Roman eagle gate ... 19: Virgil, b.70, Roman poet, wrote "Aeneid", "Georgics", "Eclogues"; Loeb: 2v 19: Albius Tibullus, b.60?, Roman poet; (Loeb Classics with Catullus) 16?: Sextus Propertius, b.47?, Roman poet; (Loeb Classics) 15: Agrippa(12) (Herod's personal friend) visits Jewish Temple with sacrifices 12: Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, b.63, Roman general, Augustus' (31) right hand 12-4: Jesus (L:IESVS,G:Iesous,H:Yeshu) born to Mary of Nazareth, Galilee 8: Horace,b.65,Roman poet:Carmina;Epodi;Satirae;Epistulae;Ars Poetica; Loeb 2v 6?: Herod executes Zealots who attempt to remove Roman eagle gate from Temple 4-6ce: Herod Archelaus: son of Herod & Malthace, ethnarch of Judea, "The Fool" 4-34ce: Philip: son of Herod & Cleopatra, tetrarch of Iturea & Trachonitis 4-39ce: Herod Antipas: son of Herod & Malthace(Samaritan), tetrarch of Galilee